ศัพท์พุทธศาสน์ : ไทย - อังกฤษ สำหรับชาวบ้าน
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พจนานุกรมพุทธศาสน์ : ไทย - อังกฤษ เล่มนี้ เรียบเรียงโดย สมเด็จพระพุทธโฆษาจารย์ (ประยุทธ์ ปยุตฺโต) โดยตีพิมพ์ครั้งแรกเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2506 (ใช้การโรเนียว) สมัยที่ท่านยังเป็นพระมหาประยุทธ์ ป. อารยางกูร เป็นหนังสือที่มีประโยชน์อย่างมากต่อทุกท่านที่ต้องการศึกษาหรือเผยแผ่พระพุทธศาสนา ไม่ว่าจะเป็นพระหรือโยม
ผมเข้าไปดูแล้วที่ต้นฉบับ
ก็เห็นว่า ศัพท์ไทยพร้อมคำแปลอังกฤษ ในทั้งหมด 46 หน้า (จากหน้า 335/407 ถึงหน้า 380/407 ) น่าจะแบ่งออกคร่าว ๆ ได้เป็น 3 กลุ่ม คือ (1)ศัพท์เทคนิคทางพุทธศาสนาที่คนนอกวัดไม่ค่อยรู้, (2)ศัพท์เทคนิคที่คนนอกวัดรู้บ้างเพราะพระท่านนำมาเทศน์บ่อย ๆ, (3) ศัพท์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับประเพณี พิธีกรรม หรือความรู้ทั่ว ๆ ไปของชาวพุทธ
และผมก็รู้สึกว่า สำหรับชาวบ้านทั่ว ๆ ไป ที่เริ่มศึกษาคำแปลเป็นภาษาอังกฤษจากภาษาไทยหรือภาษาบาลี ถ้าเริ่มจากข้อ (2) + (3) ก็น่าจะไม่หนักเกินไป ผมจึงขออนุญาต ใช้ความเห็นส่วนตัวดึงศัพท์ 2 กลุ่มนี้ออกมา ได้ทั้งสิ้น 688 คำ โดยขอเรียนเพิ่มเติมดังนี้ครับ
【1】 ศัพท์ไทยหรือบาลีคำหนึ่ง ๆ ท่านผู้เรียบเรียงอาจจะให้คำแปลเป็นภาษาอังกฤษไว้หลายคำ ซึ่งคำแปลแต่ละคำอาจจะต่างความหมายกันไปเลย หรือควรใช้อย่างเหมาะสมในกาละและเทศะที่ต่างกัน เพราะฉะนั้นเมื่อจะนำไปใช้ก็เลือกสักหน่อยแล้วกันครับ เช่น เมื่อท่านพระอาจารย์หรือหลวงพี่จะนำไปใช้ในการพูดอบรมธรรมะเป็นภาษาอังกฤษแก่คนต่างชาติ หรือท่านผู้อ่านเองจะนำไปใช้พูดกับเพื่อนที่เป็นฝรั่งตอนพาเขาเที่ยววัด
【2】 ศัพท์บางคำของชาววัดเมื่อชาวบ้านนำมาใช้ ความหมายเปลี่ยนไปเลย ท่านลองเข้าไปดูก็ได้ครับ เช่น คำว่า สงสาร อารมณ์ หรืออนุโลม เป็นต้น อันนี้ตอนจะดึงคำแปลไปใช้พูด ก็ต้องเข้าใจและเลือกให้ดีเช่นกันครับ
【3】 ศัพท์ 688 คำที่ผมดึงออกมานี้ (ถ้าต้องการเป็น eBook ก็ → คลิกดาวน์โหลด)อาจจะไม่เพียงพอต่อการใช้ ถ้าเป็นอย่างนี้ก็ขอให้ท่านเข้าไปศึกษาที่ต้นฉบับแล้วกันครับ
แถม : ขอแถมอีก 1 เล่มตอนนี้เลยครับ "คำวัด"น่าจะใช้ร่วมกันได้ดี → คลิกดาวน์โหลด
| กฐิน | the Kathin ceremony; the annual robe-presentation ceremony (in the month following the end of the Rains Retreat); post-lenten robe-offering; Post-Retreat Robe-Presentation. |
| กตัญญู | adj. grateful; obliging; knowing the done favour. |
| กตัญญูกตเวที | one who is thankful for benefits received and reciprocates them. |
| กรมการศาสนา | Department of Religious Affairs. |
| กรรม | 1. Karma; Kamma; a volitional action; action; deed; good and bad volition. 2. work; job; activity; transaction. |
| กรรมฐาน | subjects of meditation; meditation exercises; the act of meditation or contemplation; ground for mental culture. |
| กรวดน้ำ | v. to pour the water of dedication (to transfer merit to other beings). |
| กระถางธูป | incensory; censer. |
| กราบ | to bow to the ground; to pay respect by making the five-point prostration; to prostrate. |
| กรุณา | compassion; pity. |
| กลด | a sunshade; umbrella-like tent. |
| กสิณ | a meditational device; object of meditation; the method of inducing concentration by grazing at any of the ten objects, viz., earth, water, fire, air, blue, yellow, red, white, space and light. |
| กัณฑ์ | 1. a chapter, portion or part (of a religious book). 2. a sermon. |
| กัณฑ์เทศน์ | offerings for a sermon. |
| กัป, กัลป์ | 1. an aeon; world-aeon; world-age; world-cycle; world-period. 2. the life-term; life-period; the duration of life. |
| กัลยาณมิตตตา | good friendship; good company; association with the virtuous. |
| กาม | sense-desire; desire; sensuality; an object of sensual enjoyment; sensual pleasures. |
| กามตัณหา | sensual craving; craving for sensual pleasures. |
| กามราคะ | sensual passion; sensual lust; sense-desire; sensuality. |
| กามสังวร | sexual restraint. |
| กามสุข | worldly happiness; happiness arising from sensual pleasures. |
| กามสุขัลลิกานุโยค | Self-Indulgence; sensual indulgence; the constant attachment to sensual pleasures. |
| กาเมสุมิจฉาจาร | sexual misconduct; sensual misconduct; unlawful sexual intercourse; adultery. |
| กาย | 1. the body; material body. 2. the body of psychic factors, namely, Vedana, Sanna and Sankhara. |
| กายกรรม | bodily action; actions performed by the body. |
| กายคตาสติ | mindfulness with regard to the body; reflection or contemplation on the 32 impure parts of the body. |
| กายทุจริต | misconduct by the body; misconduct in action. |
| กายสุจริต | good conduct in action; good conduct by the body; bodily good conduct. |
| กายานุปัสสนา | the contemplation of the body; mindfulness as regards the body. |
| การเปรียญ | preaching hall; study hall. |
| กาสาวพัสตร์ | cloth dyed with astringent decoction; the yellow robe; ochre robes. |
| กิจวัตร | religious routine; daily religious observances. |
| กิเลส | defilements; impurities; impairments. |
| กุฎี | an adobe of a Buddhist monk or novice; a monk’s cell; a monk’s lodging; dormitory; living quarters of monks. |
| กุศล | adj. Wholesome; meritorious; moral; skilful; Karmically wholesome. n. merit; good action; virtue; the good; the happy and auspicious; wholesome action. |
| กุศลกรรม | wholesome or meritorious action; right conduct. |
| กุศลจิต | meritorious thought; moral or wholesome consciousness. |
| กุศลเจตนา | right or wholesome volition; good intention. |
| เกิดใหม่ | ดู ชาติหน้า |
| โกธะ, โกรธ | anger; furious or wrathful passion. |
| โกศ | mortuary urn; funeral urn. |
| ขณะจิต | a thought-moment. |
| ขณิกสมาธิ | momentary concentration. |
| ขมา, การขอ | asking for pardon. |
| ของขลัง | something said to have magic power; magic object; amulet; talisman; charm; fetish. |
| ขัดสมาธิ | to sit (flat on the haunches) cross-legged. |
| ขันติ | patience; forbearance; tolerance; endurance. |
| ขันธ์ | aggregate; category. |
| ขันธ์ห้า | ดู เบญจขันธ์ |
| ข้างขึ้น | the waxing moon. |
| ข้างแรม | the waning moon. |
| เข้าพรรษา | ดู วันเข้าพรรษา. |
| คณะ | group; denomination; monastery-section. |
| คณะสงฆ์ | the monastic order; the Church; esp. the Buddhist monastic order; the Order; the Sarigha. |
| คติ | courses of existence; destiny; destination. |
| ครองผ้า | v. to don; wear; put on (the yellow robe). |
| คฤหัสถ์ | a householder; layman; the laity. |
| คันถธุระ | the burden of studying the Scriptures; the burden of the books. |
| คัมภีร์ | a scripture; text; canon; religious book. |
| คาถา | 1. a verse; stanza of 4 half lines. 2. (T.) a magic spell. |
| คามวาสี | (T.) a town-monk. |
| คารวะ | respect; reverence; esteem; attention; appreciative action. |
| คุกเข่า | v. to sit on one’s heels; kneel. |
| คุณ | 1. quality; property. 2. good quality; virtue; merit. 3. (T.) help; aid; benefit; support; favour. |
| คุณธรรม | goodness; virtue. |
| คุณพิเศษ, คุณวิเศษ | unusual virtue; extraordinary state; specific attainment. |
| เครื่องราง | an amulet; talisman. |
| ฆราวาส | 1. the household life. 2. (T.) a householder; layman; the laity. |
| ฆราวาสธรรม | virtues for a good household life; rules of household conduct; qualities of a good layman. |
| งานมงคล | auspicious ceremony; festive occasion. |
| งานวัด | temple fair. |
| งานศพ | funeral; obsequies; cremation ceremony. |
| งานสมรส | wedding; marriage ceremony. |
| งานอวมงคล | funeral; rites for the dead; funeral occasion; memorial service; inauspicious occasion. |
| จงกรม | walking up and down; a terraced walk. v. to walk up and down. |
| จตุปัจจัย | ดู ปัจจัย |
| จริต | the intrinsic nature of a person; (the six types of) characteristic behavior; character; temperament. |
| จริยาวัตร | 1. customs and manners to be observed; duties concerned with conduct. 2. conduct and duties; moral conduct and the performance of duties. |
| จัณฑาล | an outcaste; the untouchable. |
| จันทรคติ | the system of a lunar calendar. |
| จาคะ | 1. charity; generosity; sacrifice; self-denial; liberality; munificence; benefaction. 2. abandoning; giving up; renunciation. |
| จาริก | 1. a traveler; wanderer; way-farer. 2. a wandering pave. 3. a journey; wandering. 4. (T.) v. to wander; go on a journey. |
| จำพรรษา, การ | Vassa-residence; the rains-retreat; rains-residence; keeping the Buddhist Lent; keeping the rainy season; dwelling permanently at a suitable place throughout the three months of the rainy season. |
| จำวัด | v. to sleep (of a monk or novice). |
| จิต, จิตต์ | thought; mind; a state of consciousness. |
| จิตตานุปัสสนา | the contemplation of mind; contemplation of various states of mind; mindfulness as regards thoughts. |
| จีวร | 1. the yellow robe (of a Buddhist monk or novice); any of the three garments of the monk. 2. (T.) the upper inner robe. |
| จุติ | shifting (out of one existence to another); decease; the final thought-moment of particular life; death. |
| เจดีย์ | 1. a person, place or object worthy of worship; reminder. 2. (T.) a sepulchral monument; pagoda; shrine; dagoba; bell-shaped stupa (with a slender spire); tapering-spired stupa; Phra Chedi. |
| เจตนา | volition; will; intention. |
| เจริญพระพุทธมนต์ | to chant holy stanzas. |
| เจ้าคณะ | 1. Chief monk of an administrative division; eccl. Chief officer; eccl. Governor. 2. Chief monk of a monastery-section. |
| เจ้าคุณ | a title unofficially used in speaking to or of a monk of a higher rank; “Chao Khun”; “The Right Venerable”. ดู พระราชาคณะ |
| เจ้าภาพ | the host; sponsor; chief donor. |
| เจ้าอาวาส | the abbot. |
| เจิม | v. to anoint. n. anointment. |
| แจกัน | a vase. |
| ฉลอง | celebration. v. to celebrate. |
| ฉัตร | royal canopy; sunshade; parasol. |
| ฉัน | v. to eat; take food (of a monk or novice). |
| ฉันทะ | 1. will; aspiration; intention; resolve; zeal; impulse; wish. 2. Consent; declaration of consent to an official act by an absentee; proxy vote. |
| ฉายา | 1. (T.) the Pali monastic name of a Buddhist monk; ordination-name. 2. shade; shadow. |
| ชรา | old age; decay. |
| ช่อฟ้า | the curved finial (of a gable); gable-finial; (elongated ornate) gable spire. |
| ชัยมงคลคาถา | stanzas for the blessing or glory of victory. |
| ชาดก | 1. a birth story; the stories of the Buddha’s previous lives. 2. “Birth Stories”; name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka Nikaya. |
| ชาติ | birth; rebirth. |
| ชาติก่อน | a previous birth; former life. |
| ชาติหน้า | rebirth; re-existence; future life. |
| ชี | a shaven-headed female devotee who wears white robes and observes five or eight precepts; white-robed female lay follower. |
| ชีวิต | life; vitality. |
| เชิงตะกอน | ดู จิตกาธาน. |
| เชิงเทียน | candlestick. |
| เชิงบาตร | bowl-support; bowl stand. |
| ฌาน | meditation; absorption; a state of serene contemplation attained by meditation; (mis.) trance; ecstasy. |
| ฌาปนกิจ | cremation. |
| ฌาปนสถาน | crematorium. |
| ญัตติ, ญัติ | a motion. |
| ญาณ | knowledge; real knowledge; wisdom; insight. |
| ญาณทัศนะ | knowing and seeing; perfect knowledge; all-comprising knowledge; a vision of truth; insight; vision through wisdom. |
| ญาติ | a kinsman; relative. |
| ฎีกา | 1. a sub-commentary. 2. (T.) a letter of invitation or invitation card to a monk. 3. (T.) written request for donation. 4. (T.) petition; appeal. |
| ฐาน | pedestal (as of a Buddha image). |
| เณร | ดู สามเณร. |
| ดวงตาเห็นธรรม | ดู ธรรมจักษุ. |
| เด็กวัด | ดู ศิษย์วัด. |
| ตถาคต | 1. the Accomplished One; the Thus-come; the Thus-gone; the Truth-winner; an epithet of the Buddha. 2. an Arahant. 3. a being. |
| ตบะ | 1. religious austerity; penance 2. exertion; mental devotion; ascetic practice. |
| ตรัสรู้ | Enlightenment. v. to be enlightened; attain enlightenment. |
| ตักบาตร | v. to offer food to the monks on their alms round. |
| ตัณหา | craving; desire; thirst. |
| ตาลปัตร | a palm leaf. (T.) a fan made of palm-leaves. With long handle, used by a monk in ceremonies; ceremonial fan. ดู พัดยศ. |
| ตำนาน | tradition; chronicle. |
| ติรัจฉานวิชา | a low art; pseudo-sciences; any study tending to be an obstacle on the way to Nibbana. |
| โต๊หมู่บูชา | a set of altar tables. |
| ไตรจีวร | the three robes of a Bhikkhu, consisting of the under, the upper and the outer robes; Triple Robe. |
| ไตรทวาร | the three doors or avenues of action: body, speech, and mind. |
| ไตรปิฎก | lit. the Three Baskets; Tripitaka; Tipitaka; the three divisions of the Buddhist Cannon, viz., Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma, generally known as the Pali Canon. |
| ไตรรัตน์ | the Three Jewels; the Three Gems. ดู รัตนตรัย. |
| ไตรลักษณ์ | the Three Characteristics; the Three Signs of Being; also called the Common Characteristics. ดู สามัญลักษณะ. |
| ไตรสรณะ | the threefold Refuge; Three Refuges; Triple Guide. |
| ไตรสรณคมณ์ | talking the Threefold Refuge; going to the Buddha, the Doctrine, and the Order for refuge. |
| ไตรสิกขา | the threefold training; the three studies: morality, concentration and wisdom, (preferably, training in higher morality, in higher mentality, and in higher wisdom.) |
| ถวาย | v. to offer, give or present (to a monk or a prince). |
| ถาน | the water closet; toilet (for monks); privy. |
| ถีนมิทธะ | sloth and torpor; sloth and drowsiness; torpor and languor; stolidity and drowsiness. |
| เถระ | an elder; a senior member of the Order; a senior monk (of at least ten years’ standing). |
| เถรวาท | the Doctrine of the Elders; Teaching of the Elders; the Southern School of Buddhism. |
| เถรานุเถระ | senior monks in general. |
| ทศพิธราชธรรม | the tenfold code of the king; the tenfold virtue or duty of the king; the ten royal virtues; virtues of a ruler. |
| ทองคำเปลว | gold leaf. |
| ทอดกฐิน | ดู กฐิน. |
| ทอดผ้า (บังสุกุล) | v. to lay a robe (as a offering to a monk at a funeral or memorial ceremony); lay down a funeral robe. |
| ทอดผ้าป่า | ดู ผ้าป่า. |
| ทักขิณาวัฏ | winding to the right; clockwise. |
| ทาน | giving; gift; alms-giving; charity; generosity; benevolence; liberality; a gift; donation; alms, benefaction. |
| ทายก | almsgiver; donor; benefactor; the lay supporter of Bhikkhus; lay giver; lay supporter. |
| ทายิกา | a female donor. |
| ทำนองสวด | mode of chanting. |
| ทำบุญ | merit-making; performing meritorious action. v. to make merit; do merit; do good; perform meritorious action. |
| ทำบุญขึ้นบ้านใหม่ | house-warming ceremony. |
| ทำบุญบ้าน | house-blessing ceremony. |
| ทำวัตรเช้า-ค่ำ | v. to perform morning or evening chanting. |
| ทิฏฐิ, ทิฐิ | 1. a theory; view; belief; opinion; speculation; dogma. 2. misbelieve; erroneous opinion; false theory. |
| ทิพย์ | divine; heavenly; celestial. |
| ที่วัด | monastery compound. |
| ทุกข์ | 1. suffering; misery; woe; pain; ill; sorrow; trouble; discomfort; unsatisfactoriness; problematic situation; stress; conflict. adj. unsatisfactory; miserable; painful; subject to suffering; ill; causing pain. 2. physical or bodily pain. |
| ทุกขเวทนา | painful feeling. |
| ทุกรกิริยา | the practice of austerities; self-mortification. |
| ทุจริต | bad conduct; wrong action. |
| เทวดา | a celestial or heavenly being; deity. |
| เทศกาล | a season for merit-making and local festivals. |
| เทศนา | preaching; discourse; sermon; instruction. v. to preach; expound the Doctrine; give a sermon. |
| เทียน | a candle. |
| เทียนพรรษา | candle for the rains; Lenten candle. |
| โทษ | fault; blemish; defect; corruption; depravity; disadvantage. |
| โทสะ | hatred; anger; ill-will; aversion. |
| ธรรม | 1. the Dharma; the Dhamma; the Doctrine; the Teachings (of the Buddha). 2. the Norm; the Law; nature. 3. the Truth; Ultimate Reality. 4. the Supramundane, esp. Nirvana. 5. righteousness; virtue; morality; good conduct; right behaviour. 6. tradition; practice; principle; rule; duty. 7. justice; impartiality. 8. thing; phenomenon. 9. a cognizable object; mind-object; idea. 10. mental state; mental factor; mental activities. 11. condition; cause; causal antecedent. |
| ธรรมดา | general rule; nature; the law of nature; cosmic law. |
| ธรรมทาน | the Gift of Truth; gift of the Dhamma. |
| ธรรมทูต | Dhamma-messenger; Buddhist filed-preacher; Buddhist missionary. |
| ธรรมเทศนา | expounding the Doctrine; preaching; exposition of the Doctrine; a sermon. |
| ธรรมบรรยาย | disquisition. |
| ธรรมวินัย | Dharma-Vinaya; the Norm-Discipline; the Doctrine and the Discipline. |
| ธรรมาสน์ | the Dharma-seat; a seat on which a monk sits while preaching; pulpit. |
| ธัมมจักกัปปวัตตนสูตร | the discourse of setting in motion the Wheel of the Doctrine; the Discourse of the Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousness; the First Sermon. |
| ธาตุ | 1. an element; natural condition; that which carries its own characteristic mark. 2. a relic, esp. that of the Buddha or an Arahant. |
| ธุดงค์ | (the thirteen) Austere Practices; constituents of ascetic practice to remove defilements. |
| ธุระ | burden; load; duty; charge; office; responsibility. |
| ธูป | an incense-stick; joss-stick. |
| นมัสการ | salutation; the act of paying homage; homage; veneration; (T.) salutation with joined palms. |
| นรก | abyss; hell; purgatory. ดู นิรยะ. |
| นวกภิกษุ | a neophyte; newly ordained monk (of not more than 5 years’ standing). |
| นักขัตฤกษ์ | the celebration of a festival; festivity. |
| นักธรรม | one learned in the Doctrine; Doctrine-knower; one who has passed the examination of any of the three grades of Dharma-study; eccl. graduate of Dhamma studies; Dhamma graduate; Dhamma scholar. |
| นักบวช | a religious; priest; monk. |
| นั่งขัดสมาธิ | ดู ขัดสมาธิ. |
| นั่งคุกเข่า | ดู คุกเข่า. |
| นั่งพับเพียบ | ดู พับเพียบ. |
| นาค | 1. a serpentlike water-god. 2. (T.) an applicant (or candidate) for ordination; or ordinand. |
| นาม | mind; name; mental factors; mentality. |
| นามรูป | Mind and Matter; name and form; mind and body; mentality and corporeality. |
| น้ำมนต์ | consecrated water; blessing water; lustral water; holy water. |
| นิกาย | 1. a collection; chapter or section of a Scripture; group. 2. a sect; school. |
| นินทา | blame; reproach; fault-finding; calumny. v. to blame; calumniate; speak ill of a person. |
| นิพพาน | Nirvana; Nibbana; the extinction of the fires of greed, of hatred and ignorance; the Unconditioned; the supreme goal of Buddhism; the Summun Bonum of Buddhism; the Final Goal; the extinction of all defilements and suffering. |
| นิมนต์, การ | invitation (for a monk). v. to invite (a monk). |
| นิมิต, นิมิตต์ | sign; omen; mark; portent; cause; the mental image; mental reflex; boundary marker. |
| นิโรธ | the Cessation of Extinction of Suffering; cessation; extinction. |
| นิวรณ์ | (the five) hindrances; obstacles. |
| บรมธาตุ, พระ | the Buddha’s relics. |
| บรรพชา | 1. leaving the world; going forth; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. 2. the lower ordination; ordination of a novice; admission to novicehood; Initiation. |
| บรรพชิต | an ascetic; recluse; monk; the ordained; religious; renunciate; monastic. |
| บริกรรม | 1. arrangement; preparation; preliminary action. 2. (T.) repetition; pronouncing incantations; recitation (or to recite) for the purpose of making sacred. |
| บริขาร | requisite; (the eight) requisites of a Buddhist monk; the three robes, the bowl, a razor, a needle, the girdle and a water-strainer; accessory; equipment. |
| บริจาค | donation; charity; sacrifice. v. to donate; give; give up. |
| บริวาร | 1. retinue; suite; pomp; followers; following. 2. accessories. |
| บริเวณวัด | the compound of a monastery; the Wat compound. |
| บริษัท | surrounding people; an assembly; company; association; the four assemblies of the Buddhist devout; the assemblies of monks, nuns, male and female lay devotees. |
| บวช, การ | giving up the world; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth; give up or renounce the world; become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a novice; be ordained; join or enter the Order. |
| บังสุกุล | 1. rags from a dust heap; a robe make of rags taken from dust-bins; discarded cloth; rag-robe. 2. (T.) a yellow robe dedicated to a deceased person; v. to take such robes after contemplating on the impermanence of compounded things; meditate and take a funeral (or memorial) robe. |
| บาตร | a bowl; alms-bowl. |
| บาป | evil; wrong action; demerit; (mis.) sin. adj. evil; bad; wicked; demeritorious; (mis.) sinful. |
| บารมี | (the ten) Perfections; stages of spiritual perfection achieved by a Bodhisatta on his path to Buddhahood (or by those who are determines to become Pacchekabuddhas or Arahant disciples of a Buddha). |
| บาลี | 1. Pali language; the language adopted by the Theravadins as the language in which to reserve the memorized teachings of the Buddha. 2. Tipitaka; the text of the Pali Canon; the Buddha’s teachings as contained in the Tipitaka. |
| บำเพ็ญ | v. to fulfil; cultivate; develop; practice. |
| บิณฑบาต | food received in the alms-bowl (of a Bhikkhu); alms-gathering; almsfood. v. to go for alms; go for collecting alms; go for alms-gathering; go on an almsround; receive food-offering. |
| บุคคลาธิษฐาน | exposition in terms of persons; teaching with reference to persons; teaching by means of personification. cf. Dhammadhitthana. |
| บุญ | merit; meritorious action; virtue; righteousness; moral acts; good works. adj. meritorious; good. |
| บุญกิริยาวัตถุ | (the three or ten) items of meritorious action; way of making merit. |
| บุพกรรม | a former deed; a deed done on a former existence. |
| บุพการี | one who does a favour before; a previous benefactor. |
| บุพเพสันนิวาส | living together in the past; previous association; cohabitation in a previous life. |
| บูชา | worship (external and mental); honor; veneration; homage; devotional attention; devotional offering. |
| เบญจขันธ์ | the Five Aggregates; the five groups of existence; the five causally conditioned elements of existence forming a being or entity, viz., corporeality, feeling, perception, mental formations and consciousness. |
| เบญจวัคคีย์ | “belonging to the group of five”; the five Bhikkhus; the five ascetics; the five mendicants; Annakondanna, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mahanama, and Assaji. |
| เบญจศีล | the Five Precepts; the Five Rules of Morality; the Five Training Rules. |
| เบญจางคประดิษฐ์ | five-point prostration; the method of veneration or obeisance by prostrating oneself or kneeling and touching the ground with five parts of the body, viz., the knees, elbows and forehead. |
| โบสถ์ | the uposatha hall; a chapter house; a hall or building in a monastery in which ecclesiastical acts or ceremonies are performed; consecrated assembly hall; (mis.) church; temple. |
| ใบสีมา | marking slab (usu. made of stone and erected over a buried boundary-marking stone to show its place). ดู ลูกนิมิต. |
| ปฏิบัติ | the practice. |
| ปฏิปทา | path; way; method; mode of progress; means of reaching a goal; practice; line of conduct. |
| ปฏิภาณ | perspicuity; sagacity; ready wit. |
| ปฏิมา | an image; figure. |
| ปฏิสังขรณ์ | restoration; reparation; repair; mending. |
| ปฏิสันถาร | friendly welcome; kind reception; hospitality; greeting. |
| ปฐมฌาน | the first Jhana; the first absorption. |
| ปฐมเทศนา | the First Sermon; the First Discourse. ดู ธัมมจักกัปปวัตตนสูตร. |
| ปฐมยาม | the first watch (from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m.) |
| ปฐมสาวก | the first disciple : Annakondanna. |
| ปณิธาน | aspiration; determination; resolution. |
| ปรโลก | the other world; the world beyond; the world to come. |
| ประคต | a girdle; waistband. |
| ประเคน | v. to present (something to a monk) with the hand. |
| ประชุมเพลิง | v. to light the funeral pyre. |
| ประทักษิณ | respectful clock-wise circumambulation. v. to circumambulate; make a triple circumambulation. |
| ประนมมือ ดู พนมมือ. | |
| ประพรม | v. to sprinkle. |
| ประมาท ดู ปมาทะ. | |
| ปรางค์ ดู พระปรางค์. | |
| ปรินิพพาน | the final or complete Nirvana; the complete extinction of all passion; the final release from the round of rebirth; the Great Decease of the Buddha; death (after the last life-span of an Arrahant). |
| ปริยัติ | the Scriptures; study of the Scriptures; the Teachings to be studied. |
| ปลงอาบัติ | the confession of an offence; v. to confess an offence. |
| ปลงอายุสังขาร | to relinquish the vital force; the Buddha’s announcement of his coming death. |
| ปวารณา | 1. invitation; giving occasion or opportunity; allowance. 2. invitation to ask. 3. invitation to speak; the act of inviting others to advise one or to speak of one’s offences or any unbecoming behavior; the ecclesiastical ceremony at the end of the rains retreat, in which monks invite one another to speak of any offences or unbecoming behavior they have seen, heard or suspected to have been committed during the rains. v. to invite to ask or to speak. |
| ปักษ์ | a fortnight; one half of the lunar month; (lunar) half-month. |
| ปัจจเวกขณ์ | reflection; consideration; reviewing. |
| ปัจจัย | 1. condition; aiding condition. 2. (the four) requisites, viz., clothing, good, dwelling and medicine; necessaries. |
| ปัจเจกพุทธะ | an independent or private Buddha; a Silent Buddha; a Buddha who has won enlightenment by himself, but does not teach others; one who gains liberation for himself alone. |
| ปัจฉิมโอวาท | the last instruction; the last advice or exhortation. |
| ปัญญา | wisdom; knowledge; insight; discernment; reason. |
| ปัญหา | a question; inquiry; problem. |
| ปาฏิโมกข์, ปาติโมกข์ | “The Fundamental Precepts”; the fundamental rules of the Order; the 227 disciplinary rules binding on Bhikkus; a collection of the fundamental precepts of the Order recited every fortnight; fortnightly recitation of the fundamental precepts; Disciplinary Code. |
| ปาฏิหาริย์ | marvel; wonder; miracle. |
| ปาณาติบาต | talking life; killing. |
| ปาราชิก | 1. “Major Offences”; the first of the two divisions of the Suttavibhanga of Vinaya. 2. a grave offence involving expulsion from monkhood; Defeat. 3.one who has committed the grave offence of expulsion; defeated one. |
| ปิฎก | a basket; any of the three main divisions of the Pali Canon. ดู ไตรปิฎก. |
| ปิดทอง | v. to gild. adj. gilded. |
| ปิ่นโต | food carrier; tiffin carrier. |
| ปิยวาจา | pleasant speech; kindly speech. |
| ปีติ | joy; rapture; delight; interest. |
| ปุจฉาวิสัชชนา | catechism; question and answer. |
| ปุถุชน | a worlding; worldly person; ordinary man. |
| ปูชนียบุคคล | a venerable person; person worthy of honor; one entitled to homage. |
| ปูชนียวัตถุ | an object of worship. |
| ปูชนียสถาน | a place of worship; place of sanctity; religious place; shrine; holy or sacred place; sanctuary. |
| เปรต | a departed being; ghost; ghost-being; hungry ghost; the ghost of the departed. |
| เปรียญ | one versed or learned in Pali studies; one who has passed the examination of any of the seven higher (3 to 9) grades of Pali studies; eccl. Graduate of Pali studies; Pali graduate; Pali scholar. |
| ผล | fruit; result; consequence; effect. |
| ผัสสะ | contact; touch; mental impression. |
| ผ้ากราบ | cloth for placing the forehead on when bowing down; prostrating cloth. |
| ผ้าป่า | “Forest Robe”; (prob. ผ้าป่าช้า) cloth ground; discarded cloth; (T.) a robe left for the monks to take as a discarded cloth. v. (ทอดผ้าป่า) to leave a robe (together with other offerings) for the monks to take as a discarded cloth; hold a Forest-Robe Presentation Ceremony. |
| ผ้าอาบ | a bathing-cloth. |
| ผ้าอาบน้ำฝน | cloth for the rains; rains-cloth. |
| ผูกสีมา | v. to establish the boundary of the Sangha communion area. n. consecration of the Assembly Hall boundary. |
| เผยแผ่ | propagation; dissemination; spreading. |
| แผ่เมตตา | radiation of loving-kindness. v. to wish others (or all beings) to be well and happy. |
| แผ่ส่วนกุศล | ดู อุทิศกุศล. |
| พนมมือ | v. to lift the joined palms as a token of reverence; put the hands together (at the chest or forehead) in salutation. |
| พยากรณ์ | answer; explanation; declaration; exposition; prediction. |
| พยาธิ | disease; sickness; ailment. |
| พยาบาท | ill-will; hatred; malevolence; aversion. |
| พยายาม, ความ | effort; exertion; striving; endeavor. |
| พร | boon; blessing; favour. |
| พรต | ascetic practice; religious observance. |
| พรมน้ำมนต์ | to sprinkle the holy water. |
| พรรษา | a year; rainy season; the rains; rains-retreat; rains-residence; the Buddhist Lent. |
| พรหม | 1. (in Hinduism) Brahma; the Creator; the Universal Self. 2. (in Buddhism) a divine being of the Form Sphere or of the Formless Sphere; brahma god; happy and blameless celestial being; inhabitant of the higher heavens. |
| พรหมจรรย์ | the Holy Life; sublime life; religious life; celibate life; chaste life; strict chastity; Brahma-faring. |
| พรหมจารี | one who leads a holy or chaste life; celibate; Brahma-farer. |
| พรหมโลก | the Brahma world; the Fine-material and Immaterial Worlds. |
| พรหมวิหาร | (the four) Divine States (of mind); the four noble sentiments; the Highest Conduct; the sublime states of mind. |
| พระ- | ตัด “พระ” ออกแล้วดูในลำดับของคำนั้นๆ. |
| พระ | 1. title used when speaking of a Buddhist monk; venerable. 2. a Bhikku; Buddhist monk; monk; (in other religious) a priest; minister; clergyman; etc. |
| พระครู | the title of monastic dignitary lower than Chao Khun; Phra Khru; Venerable Teacher. |
| พระเครื่อง | a small Buddha image (often used as an amulet or talisman); amuletic Buddha image. |
| พระธรรม | Dhamma; Dharma; the Doctrine; the Teachings; the Law; the Norm. |
| พระนอน | Reclining Buddha. |
| พระบรมศาสดา | the Master; the Teacher; the Great Master; the Buddha. |
| พระบูชา | a Buddha image of a larger size fit to be placed more or less permanently for worship; Buddha image (to be) set (on an altar) for worship; altar Buddha-image. |
| พระประธาน | the principle Buddha image (in the Uposatha hall); main Buddha image. |
| พระปรางค์ | (round-topped) towerlike stupa with a pronged crownpiece; Phra Prang. |
| พระผู้มีพระภาค | the Blessed One; the Exalted One. |
| พระพุทธเจ้า | the Buddha; Lord Buddha; the Enlightened One; the Awakened One. |
| พระพุทธบาท | the Buddha’s footprint. |
| พระพุทธปฏิมา | a Buddha image. |
| พระพุทธรูป | the figure of the Buddha; a Buddha image. |
| พระพุทธศาสนา | Buddhism; the teaching of the Buddha. |
| พระสงฆ์ | 1. Sangha; the Order; the monastic order. 2. a monk. |
| พระไสยาสน์ | ดู พระนอน. |
| พราหมณ์ | a Brahman; man of the Brahmin caste; a priest. |
| พละ | power; strength; health; energy. |
| พหูสูต | one who has great knowledge; a very learned man; well-taught man; man of great learning. |
| พัดยศ | an ornamental long-handled fan used as insignia of monastic rank; fan as rank insignia; rank fan; official fan; fan insignia. |
| พัทธสีมา | boundary established by the Sangha; consecrated area; consecrated place of assembly; (T.) consecrated assembly hall. |
| พับเพียบ | v. to sit flat with both legs tucked back to one side; sit side-ways. |
| พาล | a fool; spiritually defective person. |
| พิธี | arrangement; performance; ceremony. |
| พิธีกรรม | rite; ritual; ceremony. |
| พุทธะ | the Buddha; a Buddha; enlightened one. |
| พุทธกาล | the time of the Buddha (or a Buddha); the advent of the Buddha. |
| พุทธกิจ | the Buddha’s daily routine; duty of the Buddha. |
| พุทธคุณ | the quality (virtue or character) of the Buddha. |
| พุทธจริยา | the Buddha’s conduct; the Buddha’s course of conduct; the Buddha’s career or style of life; the Buddha’s life activities; the way of the Buddha. |
| พุทธบริษัท | the Buddhist assembly; the four assemblies of Buddhists; Buddhists collectively. |
| พุทธบาท | the Buddha’s footprint. |
| พุทธปฏิมา | ดู พระพุทธปฏิมา. |
| พุทธประวัติ | the life of the Buddha; life-story of the Buddha. |
| พุทธพจน์ | the words (or teaching) of the Buddha; the Buddha’s sayings. |
| พุทธภาษิต | what said by the Buddha; the Buddha’s sayings. |
| พุทธมามกะ | one devoted to the Buddha; one who professes Buddhism; a Buddhist. |
| พุทธรูป | ดู พระพุทธรูป. |
| พุทธศักราช | the Buddhist Era (B.E.). |
| พุทธศาสนา | ดู พระพุทธศาสนา. |
| พุทธศาสนิกชน | a Buddhist; adherent of Buddhism. |
| พุทธันดร | a Buddha-interval; the period between the appearance of one Buddha and the next. |
| พุทธานุสติ | recollection of the Buddha; reflection on the virtue of the Buddha. |
| พุทธาวาส | residence of the Buddha’; the sanctuary or public precincts of monastery. |
| พุทธิจริต | the intellectual; the wise; one whose behavior or character is wisdom; an intelligent-natured person. |
| เพล | the limited time for the second and last meal of the monk; lunchtime for Buddhist monks; (11:00-12:00 a.m.); forenoon meal. |
| แพศย์ | a member of the third caste; merchant and agriculturalist; trades folk. |
| โพชฌงค์ | (the seven) Constituents (or Factors) of Enlightenment; wisdom-factors. |
| โพธิ [ต้นไม้] | the “Bo” tree; the Bodhi Tree; pipal tree; the Ficus Religiosia. |
| โพธิญาณ | Enlightenment; supreme knowledge. |
| โพธิปักขิยธรรม | (the thirty-seven) qualities contributing to enlightenment; virtues partaking of enlightenment. |
| โพธิสัตว์, พระ | the Bodhisatta; Bodhisattva; a Buddha-to-be; Enlightenment-being; candidate for Buddhahood; one who has resolved to attain enlightenment for the helping of his follow-men. |
| ภพ | becoming; existence; process of becoming; state of existence. |
| ภัตกิจ | taking a meal. |
| ภัย | fear; fright; danger. |
| ภาวะ | fixed nature; condition; becoming. |
| ภาวนา | development; mental culture; meditation. |
| ภาษิต | a saying. |
| ภิกขาจาร | going about for alms; begging for alms. |
| ภิกษุ | a Bhikkhu; Bhikkhu; Buddhist monk. |
| ภิกษุณี | a Bhikkhuni; Buddhist nun. |
| ภูต | 1. the elements of which the body is composed. ดู มหาภูตรูป. 2. a living being; born creature. 3. a ghost. 4. an Arahant. |
| ภูมิ | 1. ground; plane; stage; level. 2. state of consciousness; a plane of existence; a plane of consciousness. |
| เภสัช | medicine; drug. |
| โภชนะ | food, meal. |
| โภชเนมัตตัญญุตา | moderation in eating. |
| มงคล | festivity; good omen; auspice; auspicious ceremony; (the thirty-eight) blessings. Adj. auspicious. |
| มณฑป | a pavilion; temporary shed; square spired pavilion. |
| มนต์, มนตร์ | a charm; spell; incantation; sacred or magical formula or invocation; verbal formulas used as incantations in the magic of sound. ดู สวดมนต์. |
| มนะ, มโน | mind; thinking function; thinking faculty. |
| มนสิการ | attention; pondering; attentiveness; advertence; mental application; reflection. |
| มนุษย์ | a human being. |
| มนุษยธรรม | humanity; virtue of man; the Five Precepts. |
| มนุษยโลก | the human world; the human realm; the world of men. |
| มโนกรรม | mental action; action done by mind. |
| มรณะ | death. |
| มรณภาพ | death (used when speaking of a monk or novice). |
| มรณสติ | mindfulness of death; meditation on death. |
| มรรค | the Path; the way; the Noble Path; the Noble Eightfold Path; the Path leading to the Cessation of Suffering. |
| มรรคนายก | lay leader of a congregation (or, of a Wat lay community). |
| มหา | the title of a เปรียญ. |
| มหาเถรสมาคม | Mahathera Council; Council of Elders; the Sangha Supreme Council. |
| มหานิกาย | the Mahanikaya Sect; “Great Sect”; Greater Sub-Order (of the Thai Monkhood); greater denomination. เทียบ ธรรมยุต. |
| มหาบุรุษ | Great Man. |
| มหาปุริสลักษณะ | (the thirty-two) marks of the Great Man. |
| มหายาน | “the Great Vehicle”; the school of the Great Vehicle (of salvation); the Northern School of Buddhism. |
| มักน้อย | ดู อัปปิจฉตา. |
| มังสวิรัติ | abstinence from meat; vetgetarianism. |
| มัจจุราช | the king of death; the Death. |
| มัชฌิมยาม | the middle watch (from 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.). |
| มัชฌิมาปฏิปทา | the Middle Path; the Middle Way; the via media; the golden mean. ดู มรรค. |
| มาฆบูชา | Worship on the Full-Moon Day of the third Lunar month in commemoration of the Great Assembly of Disciples. |
| มาติกา | 1. matrix; schedule; list; heading. 2. (T.) funeral chanting (of Abhidhamma matrices or schedules). |
| มาตุคาม | a woman; woman folk; women (collectively). |
| มาตุฆาต | matricide. |
| มายา | illusion; deceit; trick; the display of an illusion. |
| มาร | the Evil One; Death; the Tempter. |
| มิจฉาทิฏฐิ | wrong view; false view. |
| มุทิตา | sympathetic joy; altruistic joy. |
| มุทิตาจิต, การแสดง | congratulations. |
| มุสาวาท | false speech; lying. |
| เมตตา | loving-kindness; friendliness; goodwill. |
| เมรุ | ดู จิตกาธาน. |
| โมกขธรรม | salvation; deliverance; freedom. |
| โมหะ | delusion; ignorance; dullness. |
| ยกช่อฟ้า, พิธี | the ceremony of mounting the gable-final. |
| ยม | the Lord of the Underworld; ruler of the kingdom of the dead; death. |
| ยศ | glory; fame; repute; success; honor; high position. |
| ยักษ์ | 1. a demon. 2. an attendant of Kuvera or Vessavana. 3. a messenger of Yama. 4. a fallen angle; deity. 5. Sakka. 6. any of the Four Great Kings. 7. the individual soul. |
| ย่าม | a small bag in which the monk carries things; a monk’s bag; satchel. |
| โยคี | one who devotes himself to spiritual things; an earnest student; one devotes to mental training; meditator. |
| โยชน์ | a measure of length; a distance of about 10 miles, or 16 kms. |
| โยนิโสมนสิการ | proper attention; systematic attention; having thorough method in one’s thought; proper consideration; wise consideration; thorough attention; critical reflection; genetically reflection; analytical reflection. |
| โยม | appellation used by a monk for his parents or his patron or supporter. |
| รส | 1. taste; sapid object; flavour. 2. function. |
| ระเบียง [โบสถ์วิหาร] | cloister. |
| รัตนตรัย | the Triple Gem; the Triple Jewel; the Three Jewels. |
| ราคะ | lust; passion; excitement; greed. |
| ราคจริต | the lustful; one whose habit is passion; one of passionate behaviour; the lustful-natured; one of lustful temperament. |
| ราชพิธี | a Royal Ceremony. |
| ราชาคณะ, พระ | (a dignitary belonging to) the Royal Chapter (of monks); Chao Khun. |
| ริษยา | ดู อิสสา. |
| รูป | 1. matter; form; material; body; shape; corporeality. 2. object of the eye; visible object. |
| เรี่ยไร, การ | request for donation; collection of voluntary contributions. |
| ลอยกระทง | ‘leaf-vessel floating’; the Loy Krathong Festival. |
| ลักษณะ | a characteristic; sign; mark; distinguishing mark; prognosticative mark; quality. |
| ลัทธิ | a theory; view; doctrine. |
| ลาภ | gain; acquisition. |
| ลาสิกขา | ดู สึก. |
| ลูกนิมิต | a boundary marker, boundary-marking stone. |
| โลก | the world; a world; plane of existence. |
| โลกธรรม | (the eight) worldly conditions; things of the world; worldly vicissitudes. |
| โลกวัชชะ | worldly fault; breach of the ordinary moral law; action reprehended in the world; that which is blamable by the world. เทียบ ปัณณัตติวัชชะ. |
| โลกาธิปไตย | dependence on public opinion; following the influence of the world; supremacy of the world; dominant influence by (the censure of) the world. |
| โลกิยะ | adj. mundane; worldly; belonging to the world. |
| โลกุตตระ | adj. supramundane; transcendental; beyond these worlds. |
| โลกุตตรธรรม | (the nine) supramundane states; the Four Paths, the Four Fruits and Nibbana. |
| โลภะ | greed; covetousness. |
| วจีกรรม | verbal action; deed by word action performed by speech. |
| วจีทุจริต | misbehaviour in words; misconduct by speech. |
| วจีสุจริต | good action in speech; good conduct in word. |
| วรรณะ | 1. colour of the skin; appearance; complexion; beauty. 2. caste. |
| วัด | Wat; a monastery; (mis.) temple; temple-monastery. |
| วัดร้าง | deserted monastery; uninhabited monastery. |
| วัดราษฎร์ | private monastery; community monastery. |
| วัดหลวง | royal monastery. |
| วัตถุกาม | objective sensuality; lovely sense-objects; sensual pleasures. |
| วัตถุมงคล | amulet; talisman; fetish; lucky piece; charm; good-luck charm. |
| วัตร | duty; service; function; monastic daily routine or service; custom; observance. |
| วันโกน | Shaving Day; the eve of a Buddhist Holy Day. |
| วันเข้าพรรษา | the first day of the rains-retreat; beginning of the rains-residence; Rains-Entry Day. |
| วันปวารณา | the last say of the rains-residence, on which Pavarana ceremony is performed; Pavarana Day. |
| วันพระ | the Buddhist holy day; Buddhist Sabbath; day of merit-making; observance day. |
| วันเพ็ญ | the full-moon day. |
| วันออกพรรษา | the last day of the rains-residence; end of the rains-retreat; Retreat-Ending Day. |
| วันอุโบสถ | 1. ดู วันพระ. 2. observance day; the day on which the Fundamental Rules of the Buddhist monks are recited. |
| วัย | 1. (the three) ages; periods of life. 2. decay; loss. |
| วาจา | speech; word; saying. |
| วาทะ | theory; saying; doctrine; creed. |
| วิญญาณ | consciousness; act of consciousness; (T., mis.) soul, spirit. |
| วิญญูชน | a wise man. |
| วินัย | Discipline; the monastic regular; the code of monastic discipline; the rules of discipline of the Order. |
| วิบาก | consequence; effect; result; resultant; fruit. |
| วิปัสสนา | insight; intuitive vision; introspection; contemplation; intuition; insight development. |
| วิมังสา | investigation; reasoning; reflection; examination; testing. |
| วิมาน | a celestial mansion; fairy-palace. |
| วิมุตติสุข | Bliss of Emancipation; bliss of freedom. |
| วิรัติ | abstinence; (the three) abstinences. |
| วิริยะ | effort; energy; vigor; endeavor; exertion. |
| วิเวก | seclusion; solitude; detachment. |
| วิสาขบูชา | Worship on the Full-Moon Day of the sixth lunar month in commemoration of the Buddha’s Birth, Enlightenment and Passing; the Buddhist New Year; the Festival of the May Full Moon. |
| วิหาร | 1. a dwelling-place (for monks); retreat; monastery; abode. 2. a state of mind; mode of life. 3. (T.) a temple; repository of Buddha images; Buddha-image hall; shrine-hall. |
| วิหารคด | cloister. |
| เวทนา | feeling; sensation. |
| เวร | enmity; hostile action; hatred; revenge. |
| เวียนเทียน | ดู ประทักษิณ. |
| ไวยาวัจกร | a servant; attendant; monk’s agent; one who renders a service; by bursar (of a monastery). |
| ศรัทธา | ดู สัทธา. |
| ศาลพระภูมิ | (guardian-) sprit house. |
| ศาลา | hall; pavilion; wayside shelter; study and merit-making hall; public building; preaching hall; multipurpose hall. |
| ศาลาการเปรียญ | ดู การเปรียญ. |
| ศาสดา | a teacher; master; (the Six) teachers; (T.) the founder of a religious. |
| ศาสดา, พระบรม | the Master; the Great Master; the Teacher. |
| ศาสดาพยากรณ์ | a prophet. |
| ศาสนสมบัติ | ecclesiastical property. |
| ศาสนา1 | teaching; message; doctrine; the Dispensation. |
| ศาสนา2 | a religion. |
| ศาสนิก | an adherent; follower. |
| ศิษย์วัด | monastery boy; monastery pupil; temple boy; a monk’s pupil. |
| ศีล | 1. morality; moral conduct. 2. a precept; rule of morality; training rule. |
| ศีลธรรม | morality; morals. |
| ศีลาจารวัตร | moral conduct; manners and duties; moral habits, mien and deportment; the way of behaving and observing one’s duties. |
| ศูทร | a person of the lowest caste; the workers; those who contribute the necessary physical labour; a Sudra; servant; menial; workpeople. |
| โศก | grief; sorrow. |
| สงกรานต์ | the Songkran Festival; water-throwing festival ;the old Thai New Year. |
| สงเคราะห์ | 1. to treat kindly; give help; favour; aid. 2. to compile; collect; comprise; include; group. |
| สงฆ์ | community; assemblage; a chapter of (not less than four) Buddhist monks; the Sangha; the Order; the Buddhist clergy; the Buddhist church; Holy Brotherhood. |
| สงสาร | lit. faring on; the Round of Rebirth; the Round of Existence; the Wheel of Rebirth; the Wheel of Life; the Life Process; Rebirth process; the Process of Birth and Death. |
| สติ | mindfulness; attentiveness; detached watching; awareness. |
| สติปัฏฐาน | (the four) Foundations of Mindfulness; setting up of mindfulness. |
| สถูป | a relic mound; reliquary mound; tope; cairn; monument erected over the ashes of a holy person; stupa. |
| สนทนาธรรม | ดู ธรรมสากัจฉา. |
| สบง | inner garment; the undergarment of a Buddhist monk, nun or novice; the under robe. |
| สภาวะ | nature; condition; state; reality. |
| สภาวธรรม | principle of nature; natural condition; natural phenomenon. |
| สมณะ | a recluse; a Buddhist monk. |
| สมณธรรม | duties of a monk; monastic observances. |
| สมณศักดิ์ | eccl. Honorific rank; title. |
| สมณสารูป | a monk’s proper behaviour; the mien and deportment appropriate to a monk. |
| สมเด็จ | Somdech; any of the highest dignitaries in the hierarchy of the Thai Sangha, second only to the Supreme Patriarch. |
| สมถะ | calm, tranquillity, quietude of heart. |
| สมถภาวนา | concentration development; the method and practice of concentrating the mind; tranquillity development. |
| สมบัติ | success; attainment; achievement; accomplishment; fulfillment; happiness; bliss; fortune; wealth; prosperity; perfection; soundness; validity. |
| สมภาร | ดู เจ้าอาวาส. |
| สมโภช | ดู ฉลอง. |
| สมมติ | convention; agreement; authorization; appointment. |
| สมาทาน | undertaking; observance; acceptance. v. to undertake; take upon oneself. |
| สมาธิ | concentration; one-pointedness of mind; mental discipline. |
| สมาบัติ | attainment; meditative attainments. |
| สมุทัย | the Cause of Suffering; the Origin of Suffering. |
| สรงน้ำ | v. to bathe (of a monk or novice). |
| สรณะ | refuge; help; protection; guide; remembrance. |
| สรณคมน์, สรณาคมน์ | taking refuge (in the Triple Gem); going for refuge. |
| สรภัญญะ | intoning; a particular mode of recitation (allowable to monks). |
| สรรเสริญ, ความ | praise; commendation. |
| สรีระ | the (physical) body. |
| สลากภัต | food to be distributed by tickets; ticket-food. |
| สวดปาฏิโมกข์, การ | recitation of the fundamental Precepts of the Buddhist monks. v. to recite or chant the Fundamental Precepts. ดู ปาฏิโมกข์. |
| สวดพระอภิธรรม | funeral chanting (of Abhidhamma excerpts); requiem chanting. |
| สวดมนต์, การ [ทั่วๆไป] | prayer; v. to pray; chant; say a prayer. |
| สวดมนต์, การ [ในพระพุทธศาสนา] | recitation; chanting (esp. of protective verses); rehearsal. v. to recite (the Buddha’s teachings); chant; chant the holy stanzas. |
| สวรรค์ | a place of happiness; heaven; heavenly abode. |
| สหธรรมิก | co-religionists; fellow Dhamma-farer. |
| สักการะ | honor; worship; hospitality. |
| สังขาร | 1. compounded things; component things; conditioned things; the world of phenomena; all things which have been made up by pre-existing causes; (as in “Sabbe Sankhara anicca-ti). 2. volitional activities; formations; Karma formations; mental formations; mental predispositions; volitional impulses; impulses and emotions; volition; all the mental factors except feeling and perception having volition as the constant factor, (as in the Five Aggregates and in the Law of Causation). 3. essential conditions; the sum of the conditions or essential properties for a given process or result; constructing or formative factors, (as in Ayusankhara, Kayasankhara). 4. conductive factors; instigation (as in Sasankharika, Asankharika). |
| สังคายนา, สังคีติ | rehearsal; a Council; general convocation of the Sangha in order to settle questions of doctrine and to fix the text of the Scriptures. |
| สังฆกรรม | an act or ceremony performed by a chapter of Buddhist monks assembled in solemn conclave; a formal act. |
| สังฆทาน | offering to the Order; gift to the Order of monks; offering dedicated to the Sangha; gift dedicated to the Community as a whole. |
| สังฆราช, สมเด็จพระ | (His Holiness) the Supreme Patriarch. |
| สังฆาฏิ | the outer robe of a Buddhist monk. |
| สังฆาวาส | the monastic precincts; living quarters of the monks. |
| สังวร | restraint. |
| สังเวชนียสถาน | a place apt to rouse the sense of urgency; (the Four) Holy Places of Buddhism. |
| สังสารวัฎ | ดู สงสาร. |
| สัจจะ | truth; truthfulness. |
| สัจจธรรม | the truth; Truth. |
| สัตว์ | a being; living being; creature; person. |
| สัทธรรม | the true Dhamma; true doctrine; doctrine of the good; good law; good principle. |
| สัทธา | faith; confidence. |
| สันดาน | ดู สันตานะ. |
| สันโดษ | contentment; satisfaction with whatever is one’s own. |
| สันตานะ | 1. Continuity of subliminal consciousness; the evermoving, flowing panorama of successive mental states. 2. Intrinsic or inherent qualities of character; inborn trait; innate character. |
| สันติ | peace; tranquillity; calmness. |
| สัปปายะ | 1. adj. beneficial; wholesome; suitable; favorable. 2. favorable condition. |
| สัพพัญญู | the Omniscient One; an epithet of the Buddha. |
| สัมปชัญญะ | clear comprehension; discrimination; circumspection; clear consciousness; awareness. |
| สัมปรายภพ | a future existence; next life; future life. |
| สัมภเวสี | lit. seeking birth or existence. 1. a living being at the first stage of life or during birth-process; a being yet to be born. 2. a being subject to rebirth; worldling. 3. (T.) a spirit seeking (or awaiting) rebirth. เทียบ ภูต. |
| สัมมากัมมันตะ | Right Action; Right Conduct; Right Behaviour. |
| สัมมาทิฏฐิ | Right View; Right Understanding. |
| สัมมาวาจา | Right Speech. |
| สัมมาวายามะ | Right Effort; Right Endeavor; Right Exertion. |
| สัมมาสังกัปปะ | Right Thought; Right Intention; Right Mental Attitude; Right Motives; Right Aspiration. |
| สัมมาสติ | Right Mindfulness; Right Attentiveness. |
| สัมมาสมาธิ | Right Concentration. |
| สัมมาสัมพุทธะ | the Fully (or Perfectly) Enlightened One. |
| สัมมาอาชีวะ | Right Livelihood; Right Living; Right Means of Livelihood; Right Pursuits. |
| สามเณร | a novice; one who is ordained by talking the Three Refuges and observes the Ten Precepts. |
| สามัคคี | concord; unity; harmony; unanimity; union. |
| สามัญลักษณะ | the Common Characteristics (of component things). viz., impermanence, state of conflict and not-self. |
| สายสิญจน์ | sacred thread; sacred cord. |
| สาวก | a disciple; hearer; follower. |
| สำนักสงฆ์ | monastic residence; monks’ lodging. |
| สำรวม | 1. to be composed; self-controlled; restrained; decorous; sedate. 2. commingled; mixed (food). |
| สิกขาบท | a disciplinary rule; rule of morality; precept; training rule. |
| สีมา | a boundary; limit; precinct; consecrated area (established by sanctioned boundaries). |
| สีหไสยา | lying like a lion; lying on the right side. |
| สึก | v. to leave the Order; leave monkhood; disrobe. |
| สุข | 1. happiness; ease; joy; comfort; pleasure. 2. physical or bodily happiness or ease. |
| สุคติ | (the two or twenty-seven) Happy States; blissful states of existence; good bourn. |
| สุจริต | right conduct; good conduct; uprightness. |
| สุภาษิต | pleasant speech; well-spoken words; a proverb. |
| สุริยคติ | the system of a solar calendar. |
| สูตร, พระ | the discourses; the original sermons and dialogues of the Buddha. ดู สุตตันตปิฎก. |
| เสนาสนะ | sleeping and sitting; bed and seat; dwelling; lodging. |
| โสดาบัน | a Stream-Enterer; Stream-Winner; one who has attained the first stage of holiness. |
| โสมนัส | a pleasurable mental feeling; mental pleasure; glad-mindedness; joy; delight. |
| หนังสือสุทธิ | identity card; identification papers. |
| หน้าบัน | gable; pediment. |
| หอฉัน | refectory. |
| หอไตร | monastery library; Scripture Library; library of sacred writings. |
| หอระฆัง | belfry; bell-tower. |
| หอสวดมนต์ | chanting hall; hall for daily meeting and chanting. |
| หิริ | moral shame. |
| หีนยาน | the Lesser Vehicle; the Smaller Vehicle; the Southern School of Buddhism; Theravada. |
| เหตุ | a cause; causal condition; root-cause. |
| ไหว้ | v. to salute with joined palms. |
| อกตัญญู | ungrateful. |
| อกุศล | adj. unwholesome; demeritorious; immoral; Kamically unwholesome; unskillful. n. demerit; bad action. |
| อกุศลกรรม | an evil action; unwholesome action. |
| อคติ | wrong way of behaviour; prejudice. |
| อจินไตย | the (four) unthinkable. |
| อธรรม | misconduct; unrighteousness; injustice; false doctrine. Adj. unjust; unrighteous. |
| อธิษฐาน | resolve; decision; resolution; determination; will. v. to determine (a robe) as one of the three allowed personal robes. |
| อนัตตา | adj. no-soul; soulless; not-self. n. non-self; non-ego. |
| อนาคาริก | lit. a homeless one; one who enters the homeless life without formally entering the Sangha. |
| อนุปสัมบัน | one who has not yet received the full ordination; novices and the laity; unordained one. |
| อนุปาทินนก | adj. not grasped by craving or false view; kammically ungrasped. |
| อนุปาทิเสสนิพพาน | Nibbana without any remainder of physical existence; Nibbana without the Groups remaining. |
| อนุปุพพิกถา | a gradual instruction; graduated sermon; regulated exposition of the ever more value and sublime subjects. |
| อนุพยัญชนะ | subsidiary characteristics. |
| อนุโมทนา | 1. thanksgiving; chanting the holy stanzas of blessings. 2. rejoice; approval; congratulation. |
| อนุโลม | conforming; in proper order; in forward order. |
| อนุสัย | latent dispositions; underlying tendencies; (the seven) Evil Inclinations or Biases. |
| อบาย | state of loss and woe; unhappy existence; sorrowful ways. |
| อบายภูมิ | (the four) states of loss and woe; (the four) states of misery; (the four) lower worlds; unhappy existence. |
| อบายมุข | cause of ruin; ways of squandering wealth. |
| อภิญญา | (five or six kinds of) Higher Knowledge; Superknowledges; Supernormal Powers; higher psychic powers. |
| อมตะ | the deathless state; ambrosia; Nibbana; immortal. |
| อรรถกถา | a commentary. |
| อรหันต์, พระ | an Arahant; Arahat; worthy one; the Holy One; perfected one; one who has attained Nirvana. |
| อรัญวาสี | one who dwells in the forest; forest-dwelling monk; the forest order. |
| อริยทรัพย์ | the sublime treasure; noble treasure; noble wealth. |
| อริยบุคคล | a noble individual; noble one; holy person. |
| อริยสัจ | the Noble Truth; (Cattari Ariyasaccani) the Four Noble Truths; the Four Holy Truths. |
| อลัชชี | shameless monk; immoral monk. |
| อวมงคล | bad luck; ill omen; adj. unlucky; unauspicious; (T.) funeral. |
| อวิชชา | ignorance; nescience; lack of knowledge; delusion. |
| อเวจี | the Avici Hell; the lowest hell. |
| อสงไขย | incalculable. |
| อสุภะ | 1. loathsomeness; impurity. 2. a corpse. |
| อหังการ | lit. the making of the utterance “I”; egoity; egotism; ego-consciousness; the concept of “I”; I-making; (T.) arrogance; haughtiness. |
| อโหสิกรรม | Defunct Kamma; an act or thought which has no longer any potential force. |
| อัครสาวก | (the two) Chief disciples; the most distinguished disciples. |
| อังคาร | 1. charcoal; ashes. 2. ash; the ashes; esp. of the Buddha. |
| อังสะ | 1. part; side. 2. shoulder. 3. (T.) shoulder piece; chest cloth; the sleeveless one- shouldered singlet of a monk. |
| อัจฉริยะ | adj. wonderful; marvelous; astonishing; exceptional; extraordinary; (T.) genius. |
| อัญชลี | ดู พนมมือ. |
| อัตตกิลมถานุโยค | Self-Mortification; the constant attachment to Self-Mortification. |
| อัตตา | 1. self; soul; ego; personal entity. 2. mind; the whole personality. |
| อาฆาต | malice; hatred; revengefulness. |
| อาจารย์ | a teacher; regular instructor. |
| อานาปานสติ | mindfulness on breathing; mindfulness regarding breathing. |
| อานิสงส์ | profit; merit; good result; advantage. |
| อาบัติ | an ecclesiastical offence; offence. |
| อาปัตตาธิกรณ์ | legal questions concerning offences; legal processes concerning committed offences; the awarding of them and the atonement for them. |
| อาโปธาตุ | lit. fluid element; water; Cohesion; the element of cohesion. |
| อามิส | food; flesh; materiality; material things. adj. material; physical; carnal. |
| อามิสทาน | donation of requisites (i.e. food, lodging, etc.); material gifts. |
| อายตนะ | the Twelve Spheres; the Twelve Bases; bases. ภายใน : sense-organs; the (six) senses; sense-bases; sense-fields. ภายนอก : sense-objects and mind-object. |
| อายุ | 1. age; life-span. 2. longevity; long life. |
| อายุสังขาร | constituents of life; vital principle. ดู ปลงอายุสังขาร. |
| อารมณ์ | sense-objects; an object of consciousness. |
| อาสน์สงฆ์ | monks’ seat; dais or raised platform for monks. |
| อาสาฬหบูชา | worship on the full-moon day of Asalha month (the eight lunar month) in commemoration of the First Sermon and the foundation of the Buddhist order. |
| อิทธิ | success; supernormal power; psychic power; magical power. |
| อิทธิบาท | the Four Paths of Accomplishment; Means of Accomplishment; the means of accomplishment one’s own end or purpose; the four Roads to Power; basis for success. |
| อิทธิปาฏิหาริย์ | a wonder of psychic power; marvel; miracle. |
| อิริยาบถ | deportment; posture. |
| อุตริมนุสธรรม | superhuman state; extraordinary attainment. |
| อุทิศกุศล, การ | dedication or transference of merit; radiation of merit. |
| อุบาย | means; method; resource; expedient. |
| อุบาสก | lit. one who comes or sits near; a lay devotee; a devout or faithful layman; lay Buddhist. |
| อุบาสิกา | a female devotee; a lay woman disciple. |
| อุเบกขา | 1. Equanimity; even-mindedness; neutrality; poise. 2. Indifference; neutral feeling; neither pleasurable nor painful feeling. |
| อุโบสถ | 1. observance; the observance of the Eight Percepts. 2. biweekly recitation of the Vinaya rules by a chapter of Buddhist monks; the days for special meeting of the order, and for recitation of Patimokkha. 3. the Uposatha hall; consecrated assembly hall. |
| อุโบสถศีล | the Eight Percepts observed by lay devotees on Uposatha days. |
| อุปฐาก | attendant; lay supporter. |
| อุปมา | simile; parable. |
| อุปสมบท | full (or higher) ordination; talking up the Bhikkhuship; Full Admission to the Sangha; Ordination Ceremony. v. to be ordained; enter the monkhood; join the Order. |
| อุปัชฌาย์ | a spiritual teacher; preceptor. |
| อุปาทาน | attachment; clinging; grasping. |
| โอวาท | admonition; exhortation; advice. |
| โอวาทปาฏิโมกข์ | the Principle Teaching; the Fundamental Teaching; exhortatory Patimokkha. |
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